EDTA—ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid—is a synthetic compound known for its chelating properties. It is derived from ethylenediamine and formaldehyde. As a chelating agent, meaning it has the capacity to bind to metal ions and form stable complexes—to “chelate.”
In the cosmetics arena, EDTA functions is as a preservative enhancer. By binding to metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, or iron, EDTA helps to prevent the degradation of formulas. It improves the efficacy of preservatives by reducing the potential for microbial development; in the process, it extends the shelf life of products.
EDTA is used as a stabilizer and emulsifier: It helps uphold formulations by preventing the separation of different constituents, such as oil and water. This is particularly valuable in emulsions where it helps maintain a homogeneous mixture.
EDTA can improve the foaming properties of cleansing formulas such as shampoo and soap. It helps to create a lather that many value and associate with ‘clean.’
While EDTA offers benefits in cosmetics, a concern is its potential for skin irritation or sensitization, especially in people with sensitive skin. Continued or recurring exposure to EDTA can trigger allergic reactions or contact dermatitis.
From an environmental stance, use of EDTA has sparked concerns because when it enters the environment through water systems, it can form bonds with metal ions that could persist and have potential negative impacts on ecosystems. Additionally, the production and disposal of EDTA can contribute to environmental pollution.
Natural alternatives to EDTA in cosmetics include certain plant-based ingredients that possess chelating properties. For example, citric acid, originating from citrus fruits, can act as a slight chelator. Other natural substitutes include sodium phytate, derived from rice bran, or gluconic acid, derived from glucose fermentation. These alternatives offer chelation capabilities and can help stabilize formulas, though, unfortunately they may not have the same efficacy as EDTA.
As the demand for more sustainable and environmentally friendly ingredients surges, the cosmetics industry is investigating and developing new options to synthetic chelating agents like EDTA. It is important for manufacturers and consumers to consider alternatives and make informed choices that align with their preferences and values. When it comes to the values we possess at Heal Yes! and those that represent our loyal supporters, we always avoid EDTA in cosmetics.
